标准PID处理例子
/*====================================================================================================
这是从网上找来的一个比较典型的PID处理程序，在使用单片机作为控制cpu时，请稍作简化，具体的PID
参数必须由具体对象通过实验确定。由于单片机的处理速度和ram资源的限制，一般不采用浮点数运算，
而将所有参数全部用整数，运算到最后再除以一个2的N次方数据（相当于移位），作类似定点数运算，可
大大提高运算速度，根据控制精度的不同要求，当精度要求很高时，注意保留移位引起的“余数”，做好余
数补偿。这个程序只是一般常用pid算法的基本架构，没有包含输入输出处理部分。
=====================================================================================================*/
#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>
/*====================================================================================================
PID Function
The PID (比例、积分、微分) function is used in mainly
control applications. PIDCalc performs one iteration of the PID
algorithm.
While the PID function works, main is just a dummy program showing
a typical usage.
=====================================================================================================*/
typedef struct PID {
doubleSetPoint; //设定目标 Desired Value
doubleProportion; //比例常数 Proportional Const
doubleIntegral; //积分常数 Integral Const
doubleDerivative; //微分常数 Derivative Const
doubleLastError; //Error[-1]
doublePrevError; //Error[-2]
doubleSumError; //Sums of Errors
} PID;
/*====================================================================================================
PID计算部分
=====================================================================================================*/
double PIDCalc( PID *pp, double NextPoint )
{
doubledError,
Error;
Error = pp->SetPoint -NextPoint; // 偏差
pp->SumError += Error; // 积分
dError = pp->LastError - pp->PrevError; // 当前微分
pp->PrevError = pp->LastError;
pp->LastError = Error;
return (pp->Proportion * Error // 比例项
+ pp->Integral * pp->SumError // 积分项
+ pp->Derivative * dError // 微分项
);
}
/*====================================================================================================
Initialize PID Structure
=====================================================================================================*/
void PIDInit (PID *pp)
{
memset ( pp,0,sizeof(PID));
}
/*====================================================================================================
Main Program
=====================================================================================================*/
double sensor (void) //Dummy Sensor Function
{
return 100.0;
}
void actuator(double rDelta) //Dummy Actuator Function
{}
void main(void)
{
PID sPID; //PID Control Structure
double rOut; //PID Response (Output)
double rIn; //PID Feedback (Input)
PIDInit ( &sPID ); //Initialize Structure
sPID.Proportion = 0.5; //Set PID Coefficients
sPID.Integral = 0.5;
sPID.Derivative = 0.0;
sPID.SetPoint = 100.0; //Set PID Setpoint
for (;;) { //Mock Up of PID Processing
rIn = sensor (); //Read Input
rOut = PIDCalc ( &sPID,rIn ); //Perform PID Interation
actuator ( rOut ); //Effect Needed Changes
}
}
请问大伙这个什么意思
doubleSetPoint; //设定目标 Desired Value
#include<reg51.h>
#include<intrins.h>
#include<math.h>
#include<string.h>
struct PID {
unsigned int SetPoint; // 设定目标 Desired Value
unsigned int Proportion; // 比例常数 Proportional Const
unsigned int Integral; // 积分常数 Integral Const
unsigned int Derivative; // 微分常数 Derivative Const
unsigned int LastError; // Error[-1]
unsigned int PrevError; // Error[-2]
unsigned int SumError; // Sums of Errors
};
struct PID spid; // PID Control Structure
unsigned int rout; // PID Response (Output)
unsigned int rin; // PID Feedback (Input)
sbit data1=P1^0;
sbit clk=P1^1;
sbit plus=P2^0;
sbit subs=P2^1;
sbit stop=P2^2;
sbit output=P3^4;
sbit DQ=P3^3;
unsigned char flag,flag_1=0;
unsigned char high_time,low_time,count=0;//占空比调节参数
unsigned char set_temper=35;
unsigned char temper;
unsigned char i;
unsigned char j=0;
unsigned int s;
/***********************************************************
延时子程序,延时时间以12M晶振为准,延时时间为30us×time
***********************************************************/
void delay(unsigned char time)
{
unsigned char m,n;
for(n=0;n<time;n++)
for(m=0;m<2;m++){}
}
/***********************************************************
写一位数据子程序
***********************************************************/
void write_bit(unsigned char bitval)
{
EA=0;
DQ=0; /*拉低DQ以开始一个写时序*/
if(bitval==1)
{
_nop_();
DQ=1; /*如要写1，则将总线置高*/
}
delay(5); /*延时90us供DA18B20采样*/
DQ=1; /*释放DQ总线*/
_nop_();
_nop_();
EA=1;
}
/***********************************************************
写一字节数据子程序
***********************************************************/
void write_byte(unsigned char val)
{
unsigned char i;
unsigned char temp;
EA=0;
TR0=0;
for(i=0;i<8;i++) /*写一字节数据，一次写一位*/
{
temp=val>>i; /*移位操作，将本次要写的位移到最低位*/
temp=temp&1;
write_bit(temp); /*向总线写该位*/
}
delay(7); /*延时120us后*/
// TR0=1;
EA=1;
}
/***********************************************************
读一位数据子程序
***********************************************************/
unsigned char read_bit()
{
unsigned char i,value_bit;
EA=0;
DQ=0; /*拉低DQ，开始读时序*/
_nop_();
_nop_();
DQ=1; /*释放总线*/
for(i=0;i<2;i++){}
value_bit=DQ;
EA=1;
return(value_bit);
}
/***********************************************************
读一字节数据子程序
***********************************************************/
unsigned char read_byte()
{
unsigned char i,value=0;
EA=0;
for(i=0;i<8;i++)
{
if(read_bit()) /*读一字节数据，一个时序中读一次，并作移位处理*/
value|=0x01<<i;
delay(4); /*延时80us以完成此次都时序，之后再读下一数据*/
}
EA=1;
return(value);
}
/***********************************************************
复位子程序
***********************************************************/
unsigned char reset()
{
unsigned char presence;
EA=0;
DQ=0; /*拉低DQ总线开始复位*/
delay(30); /*保持低电平480us*/
DQ=1; /*释放总线*/
delay(3);
presence=DQ; /*获取应答信号*/
delay(28); /*延时以完成整个时序*/
EA=1;
return(presence); /*返回应答信号，有芯片应答返回0,无芯片则返回1*/
}
/***********************************************************
获取温度子程序
***********************************************************/
void get_temper()
{
unsigned char i,j;
do
{
i=reset(); /*复位*/
}while(i!=0); /*1为无反馈信号*/
i=0xcc; /*发送设备定位命令*/
write_byte(i);
i=0x44; /*发送开始转换命令*/
write_byte(i);
delay(180); /*延时*/
do
{
i=reset(); /*复位*/
}while(i!=0);
i=0xcc; /*设备定位*/
write_byte(i);
i=0xbe; /*读出缓冲区内容*/
write_byte(i);
j=read_byte();
i=read_byte();
i=(i<<4)&0x7f;
s=(unsigned int)(j&0x0f); //得到小数部分
s=(s*100)/16;
j=j>>4;
temper=i|j; /*获取的温度放在temper中*/
}
/*====================================================================================================
Initialize PID Structure
=====================================================================================================*/
void PIDInit (struct PID *pp)
{
memset ( pp,0,sizeof(struct PID)); //全部初始化为0
}
/*====================================================================================================
PID计算部分
=====================================================================================================*/
unsigned int PIDCalc( struct PID *pp, unsigned int NextPoint )
{
unsigned int dError,Error;
Error = pp->SetPoint - NextPoint; // 偏差
pp->SumError += Error; // 积分
dError = pp->LastError - pp->PrevError; // 当前微分
pp->PrevError = pp->LastError;
pp->LastError = Error;
return (pp->Proportion * Error // 比例项
+ pp->Integral * pp->SumError // 积分项
+ pp->Derivative * dError); // 微分项
}
/***********************************************************
温度比较处理子程序
***********************************************************/
void compare_temper()
{
unsigned char i;
if(set_temper>temper) //是否设置的温度大于实际温度
{
if(set_temper-temper>1) //设置的温度比实际的温度是否是大于1度
{
high_time=100; //如果是，则全速加热
low_time=0;
}
else //如果是在1度范围内，则运行PID计算
{
for(i=0;i<10;i++)
{
get_temper(); //获取温度
rin = s; // Read Input
rout = PIDCalc ( &spid,rin ); // Perform PID Interation
}
if (high_time<=100)
high_time=(unsigned char)(rout/800);
else
high_time=100;
low_time= (100-high_time);
}
}
else if(set_temper<=temper)
{
if(temper-set_temper>0)
{
high_time=0;
low_time=100;
}
else
{
for(i=0;i<10;i++)
{
get_temper();
rin = s; // Read Input
rout = PIDCalc ( &spid,rin ); // Perform PID Interation
}
if (high_time<100)
high_time=(unsigned char)(rout/10000);
else
high_time=0;
low_time= (100-high_time);
}
}
// else
// {}
}
/*****************************************************
T0中断服务子程序，用于控制电平的翻转 ,40us*100=4ms周期
******************************************************/
void serve_T0() interrupt 1 using 1
{
if(++count<=(high_time))
output=1;
else if(count<=100)
{
output=0;
}
else
count=0;
TH0=0x2f;
TL0=0xe0;
}
/*****************************************************
串行口中断服务程序，用于上位机通讯
******************************************************/
void serve_sio() interrupt 4 using 2
{
/* EA=0;
RI=0;
i=SBUF;
if(i==2)
{
while(RI==0){}
RI=0;
set_temper=SBUF;
SBUF=0x02;
while(TI==0){}
TI=0;
}
else if(i==3)
{
TI=0;
SBUF=temper;
while(TI==0){}
TI=0;
}
EA=1; */
}
void disp_1(unsigned char disp_num1)
{
unsigned char n,a,m;
for(n=0;n<6;n++)
{
// k=disp_num1;
for(a=0;a<8;a++)
{
clk=0;
m=(disp_num1&1);
disp_num1=disp_num1>>1;
if(m==1)
data1=1;
else
data1=0;
_nop_();
clk=1;
_nop_();
}
}
}
/*****************************************************
显示子程序
功能：将占空比温度转化为单个字符，显示占空比和测得到的温度
******************************************************/
void display()
{
unsigned char code number[]={0xfc,0x60,0xda,0xf2,0x66,0xb6,0xbe,0xe0,0xfe,0xf6};
unsigned char disp_num;
unsigned int k,k1;
k=high_time;
k=k%1000;
k1=k/100;
if(k1==0)
disp_num=0;
else
disp_num=0x60;
k=k%100;
disp_num=number;
disp_num=number;
k=temper;
k=k%100;
disp_num=number;
disp_num=number+1;
disp_num=number;
disp_1(disp_num);
}
/***********************************************************
主程序
***********************************************************/
void main()
{
unsigned char z;
unsigned char a,b,flag_2=1,count1=0;
unsigned char phil[]={2,0xce,0x6e,0x60,0x1c,2};
TMOD=0x21;
TH0=0x2f;
TL0=0x40;
SCON=0x50;
PCON=0x00;
TH1=0xfd;
TL1=0xfd;
PS=1;
EA=1;
EX1=0;
ET0=1;
ES=1;
TR0=1;
TR1=1;
high_time=50;
low_time=50;
PIDInit ( &spid ); // Initialize Structure
spid.Proportion = 10; // Set PID Coefficients比例常数 Proportional Const
spid.Integral = 8; //积分常数 Integral Const
spid.Derivative =6; //微分常数 Derivative Const
spid.SetPoint = 100; // Set PID Setpoint 设定目标 Desired Value
while(1)
{
if(plus==0)
{
EA=0;
for(a=0;a<5;a++)
for(b=0;b<102;b++){}
if(plus==0)
{
set_temper++;
flag=0;
}
}
else if(subs==0)
{
for(a=0;a<5;a++)
for(b=0;a<102;b++){}
if(subs==0)
{
set_temper--;
flag=0;
}
}
else if(stop==0)
{
for(a=0;a<5;a++)
for(b=0;b<102;b++){}
if(stop==0)
{
flag=0;
break;
}
EA=1;
}
get_temper();
b=temper;
if(flag_2==1)
a=b;
if((abs(a-b))>5)
temper=a;
else
temper=b;
a=temper;
flag_2=0;
if(++count1>30)
{
display();
count1=0;
}
compare_temper();
}
TR0=0;
z=1;
while(1)
{
EA=0;
if(stop==0)
{
for(a=0;a<5;a++)
for(b=0;b<102;b++){}
if(stop==0)
disp_1(phil);
// break;
}
EA=1;
}
}
这个程序spid.SetPoint = 100; // Set PID Setpoint 设定目标 Desired Value是什么意思，上面的eet_temper=35;难道这个spid.SetPoint = 100是指35-34=1度的温差扩大100倍？
为毛老子总也抢不到沙发？！！ 标记学习！！！
页:
[1]